Depth of Field – area that is in focus in a photo. A wide depth of field means lots into the far distance is in focus. Shallow depth of field means the area closer is in focus, while the rest is not which makes objects and the photo stand out. The closer the subject the shallower the depth of field.

F-stop - how much light is let in according to the wideness of the aperture. the smaller the number, the larger the hole and the shallower the depth of field

focal length – how wide or narrow the field of view is